Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Exam  >  Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Questions  >  Consider the following C program:#include <... Start Learning for Free
Consider the following C program:
#include <stdio.h>
int counter = 0;
int calc(int a, int b) {
int c;
counter++;
if (b == 3)
return (a * a * a);
else {
c = calc(a, b / 3);
return (c * c * c);
}
}
int main() {
calc(4, 81);
printf("%d", counter);
}
The output of this program is ________ . Note - This was Numerical Type question.
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    4
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Consider the following C program:#include <stdio.h>int counter =...
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Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following C program:#include <stdio.h>int counter =...
Understanding the C Program
The given C program involves a recursive function and a global counter variable. The counter tracks the number of times the function `calc` is called.
Code Breakdown
- Global Variable: The variable `counter` is initialized to 0, which increments each time the `calc` function is called.
- The `calc` Function:
- Takes two integers, `a` and `b`.
- If `b` equals 3, it returns `a * a * a` and increments the counter.
- If `b` is not 3, it recursively calls `calc` with `b` divided by 3, then returns the cube of the result.
Function Call Analysis
- In `main()`, `calc(4, 81)` is called.
- First Call: `calc(4, 81)` (counter = 1)
- Since 81 is not 3, it calls `calc(4, 27)`.
- Second Call: `calc(4, 27)` (counter = 2)
- 27 is not 3, it calls `calc(4, 9)`.
- Third Call: `calc(4, 9)` (counter = 3)
- 9 is not 3, it calls `calc(4, 3)`.
- Fourth Call: `calc(4, 3)` (counter = 4)
- Now, since `b` is 3, it returns `4 * 4 * 4 = 64` and increments the counter.
Final Output
- After returning back through the recursive calls, the total calls made are 4, thus the final value of `counter` is 4.
- Hence, when `printf` prints `counter`, the output is 4.
Conclusion
The correct answer is option 'B', which corresponds to the number of times the function `calc` was called before reaching the base case.
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